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Leopoldov Prison
Leopoldov Prison ((スロバキア語:Nápravnovýchovný ústav a Ústav na výkon väzby Leopoldov)) is a 17th-century fortress built against Ottoman Turks that was converted into a high-security prison in the 19th century in the town of Leopoldov, Slovakia. Once the largest prison in the Kingdom of Hungary, in the 20th century it became known for housing political prisoners under the communist regime, notably the future communist President of Czechoslovakia Gustáv Husák.
After the dismantling of communism in 1989, Leopoldov Prison was the place of a series of violent revolts requiring intervention of highest-ranking government officials including Ministers and the Prime Minister, who personally conducted negotiations inside the prison. The building complex was damaged during the riots and in 1990, the Slovak parliament voted to close the prison down. However, it continues to serve until today. Leopoldov Prison was the place of the 1991 prison break, where a group of prisoners fought their way out, murdering several prison guards in the process.
== History ==
Construction of a fortress against Ottoman Turks started in 1665 and was finished in 1669, on the initiative of Leopold I,〔http://www.spsmvbr.cz/muzeumzla/leopoldov/leopoldov.html (Czech)〕 after the Nové Zámky fortress fell to the Turks. The fortress was built in a star shape, with two entrance gates. During the reign of Maria Theresa of Austria, it was used as a military warehouse. After loss of military importance in the 19th century, it was rebuilt as a prison in 1855, with a capacity of around 1000 inmates, what was the biggest prison in the Kingdom of Hungary at that time.〔http://www.leopoldov.sk/main.php?id_menu=13148&firmy_slovenska_flag=0 (Slovak)〕 Since that time it is used as a prison continuously until present. During the Communist Czechoslovakia, the Communist government used the prison for holding and liquidating political prisoners, particularly in the 1950s. The conditions were harsh for prisoners, and the prison was one of the most notorious in the former Czechoslovakia.〔(To the Memory of the Victims of the Political Trials )〕 Among the inmates was Gustáv Husák (from 1954 to 1960),〔http://www.osobnosti.sk/index.php?os=zivotopis&ID=735 (Slovak)〕 who would be later communist president of Czechoslovakia.〔 The prison was modernized and reconstructed in the second half of the 20th century. Before 1989 there were approximately 2,600 inmates in the prison. As of 1990, it was the biggest prison in the present-day Slovakia.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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